ZEB HOUSE
(Multikomfort)
As-built
ZEB - KLIMAX
October 12, 2016
Åse Lekang Sørensen, SINTEF
• Introduction
• Building design
• Technical installations and energy system
• Performance
• Material emissions
• The ZEB balance
• Economy
The ZEB pilot house Larvik ("Multikomfort-house")
• Two-storey single-family residential building
• Demonstration and exhibition house
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• Heated floor area: |
201.5 m2 |
• Opening Autumn 2014
photo: Brødrene Dahl/Paal-André Schwital
Pictures: Google maps
Building owners
Brødrene Dahl AS and Optimera AS
Design team
Brødrene Dahl (energy concept), Optimera (building construction), Snøhetta (architect), and the ZEB Research Centre (energy and GHG emissions)
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Construction |
Espen Staer AS |
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Supporting |
Bergersen Flis, Geberit, Glava, Grohe, |
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Gustavsberg, Ifö, Porgrund, Intra, Lyngson, |
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Nilan, Oras, Oso, Pipelife, Schneider Electric, |
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Uponor, Villeroy&Boch, VPI, Grundfos, |
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Lighthouse Company, Aubo, Barkevik, Bergene |
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Holm, Boen, Elfa, Fischer, Gyproc, Isola, |
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Moelven, Natre, Paslode, Velux and Weber |
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M O
+ Electrical car
Source: A Norwegian ZEB Definition Guideline
The design phase
• Focus on combining high aesthetic quality with comfort and energy efficiency
• Minimizing emissions from construction materials
Example workshop:
integrating spacial qualities and experiences
N
Picture: Snøhetta
Reduce the need for heating
• Well insulated
• Airtight
Avoid the need for cooling
• Solar protection (bedroom windows)
• Windows placed shaded from the sun
• Reused bricks are used in a wall inside - Thermal mass effect
• Stacks of natural stone and timber in the exterior facade
• Foundation slab based on timber and fibre plate construction
• Strip foundation to minimize the amounts of concrete
• Low carbon concrete was used
• Timber based bearings in light weight frames of outer walls
• Exterior walls are well insulated: 350mm glass wool insulation
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U-values |
Floor |
Roof |
Walls |
Windows and doors |
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W / m2K |
0.080 |
0.084 |
0.111 |
0.75 |
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TAK SOLCELLEPANELER OG SOLFANGERE
SOLAVSKJERMING PÅ VAIERE OVER ATRIUMET
RESIRKULERT TEGL LOKAL STEIN
VEGG I ATRIET
VED STABLET I RAMMER
UTVENDIG KLEDNING
TREPANEL, TRYKKIMPREGNERT
OG KOKT I LINOLJE
UTVENDIG KLEDNING TREPANEL,
DOBBELTFALS MED SPOR, BEISET.
Illustration: Snøhetta
Source: Snøhetta
Picture: Snøhetta
Picture: Snøhetta
Illustration: Snøhetta
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Heat:
Geothermal heat pump
Solar thermal panels
Ventilation system: High efficiency heat recovery Grey water heat recovery systems
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Energy budget |
Energy demand |
Specific energy demand |
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(kWh/year) |
(kWh/m2/year) |
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Room heating |
4,799 |
23.8 |
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Ventilation heating |
418 |
2.1 |
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Domestic hot water |
3,212 |
15.9 |
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(6,424)* |
(31.8)* |
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Fans |
765 |
3.8 |
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Lighting |
1,765 |
8.8 |
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Technical equipment |
3,177 |
15.8 |
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Total net energy demand |
14,136 |
70.2 |
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(17,348)* |
(86.1)* |
* Assumption: Recover 50% of the energy in the grey water in heat recovery system
Energy budget: Delivered energy
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Energy budget |
Delivered |
Specific delivered |
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energy |
energy |
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(kWh/year) |
(kWh/m2/year) |
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Direct electricity |
5,707 |
28.3 |
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Electricity heat pump (ground- |
1,014 |
5.0 |
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source HP) |
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Electricity solar energy |
144 |
0.7 |
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Other energy sources (HP in |
276 |
1.4 |
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ventilation) |
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Total delivered energy |
7,142 |
35.4 |
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Delivered energy |
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Energy balance (kWh/year) |
Energy |
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Heat from ground- |
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source HP,exhaust |
Heat from |
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demand |
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air HP and solar |
grey water |
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Electricity |
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collectors |
system |
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Room heating and |
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ventilation |
5 217 |
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1 025 |
4 192 |
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Domestic hot water |
6 424 |
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409 |
2 803 |
3212 |
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Fans, lighting, technical |
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equipment |
5 707 |
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5 707 |
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7 142 |
6 995 |
3 212 |
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Total |
17 348 |
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17 348 |
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• 22.75 kWp PV system, 150 m2, 91 modules (Innotech Solar)
• Each module: 15.5% efficiency, peak power 250 Wp
• Calculated: 19,200 kWh per year
• Connected to the utility grid
• Battery bank with 24 batteries: 48V at 600Ah in total
Geothermal heat pump and Solar thermal panels
• Ground-source-to-water heat pump, 3 kW
– Cover 80% of the heating load
• Solar thermal collector system, 16.8 m²
– Cover 20% of the heating load
• Hot water is collected in a 400 liter tank
• Low temperature distribution system
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Ground source HP |
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Heat from |
(Winter) |
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waste water |
Solar heating |
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Exhaust air HP |
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(Summer) |
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• Balanced, mechanical ventilation system with constant air flows
• Exhaust air heat pump
• Heat exchanger (87% efficiency)
• Rain water is reused in toilets and for watering the garden
• Rain water from the roof is harvested, mechanically cleaned, and stored in a 6000 litre tank
• Air leakage number: 0.60 air changes per hour
• Energy metering:
– Electrical consumption, electricity production, thermal energy production and consumption for heating and hot water
– No-one living in the building
– Few measurements available yet
Product phase: 3.6 kg CO2 eq/m2 per year + Material replacement 2.2 kg CO2 eq/m2 per year = 5.8 kg CO2 eq/m2
As-built estimations, material emissions
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• Rough design phase estimations |
5.8 kg CO |
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eq/m2/y |
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2 |
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• Assumed less emissions replaced PV |
-0.6 kg CO |
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eq/m2/y |
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2 |
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• CO emissions from batteries |
+0.6 kg CO |
2 |
eq/m2/y |
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2 |
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• Estimated increase, rough calculations |
+1.16 kg CO eq/m2/y |
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2 |
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• New total annual material emissions |
6.9 kg CO |
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eq/m2/y |
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2 |
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Electrical car
ZEB-OM
12 000 km, 2400 kWh
0,132 kg CO2 eq/kWh
6.9 kg CO2 eq/m2
201,5 m2
7142 kWh
0,132 kg CO2 eq/kWh
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A building following |
A future building similar |
Difference |
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the TEK10 standard |
to the pilot building |
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Investment, inclusive tax |
4.8 million NOK |
5.8 million NOK * |
1 million NOK |
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Delivered energy to |
21 750 kWh + 2,400 |
7,142 kWh + 2,400 kWh |
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building and el. car |
kWh |
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Annual energy cost, |
24 150 kr |
0 kr ** |
24,150 |
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if 1 NOK/kWh |
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NOK/year |
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Income from plus-energy |
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4,829 NOK (kWh: |
4,829 |
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house, if 0.5 NOK/kWh |
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19,200 -(7,142+2,400)) |
NOK/year |
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Savings during 60 years |
1 739 000 |
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Simple payback time |
35 Years |
* Ambitious buildings and technology choices may qualify for support from Enova. Such support varies, and is not included in the cost efficiency calculation.
** Assume 100 % self-consumption or similar energy price for selling and buying electricity.
Summary ZEB Pilot house Larvik
• An interdisciplinary project team has been involved in the design and construction process
• A number of untraditional passive energy measures are demonstrated
• The demonstration house has gained a lot of attention
• Calculated ZEB balance: ZEB-OM ambition + 7,600 km el car
• Approach is sensitive to material emission accounting and electricity emission factors for import and export of electricity
Photo: Snøhetta
